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The Book on Military Expeditions

Jami at Tirmidhi Hadith # 1568

Hadith on The Book on Military Expeditions of Sahih Bukhari 1568 is about The Book Of The Book on Military Expeditions as written by Imam Abu Isa Muhammad at-Tirmizi. The original Hadith is written in Arabic and translated in English and Urdu. The chapter The Book on Military Expeditions has 71 as total Hadith on this topic.

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حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ فَدَى رَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى:‏‏‏‏ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَعَمُّ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ هُوَ أَبُو الْمُهَلَّبِ وَاسْمُهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَيُقَالُ:‏‏‏‏ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَبُو قِلَابَةَ اسْمُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الْجَرْمِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَمُنَّ عَلَى مَنْ شَاءَ مِنَ الْأُسَارَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَيَقْتُلَ مَنْ شَاءَ مِنْهُمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَيَفْدِي مَنْ شَاءَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَاخْتَارَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ الْقَتْلَ عَلَى الْفِدَاءِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ:‏‏‏‏ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى:‏‏‏‏ فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً سورة محمد آية 4، ‏‏‏‏‏‏نَسَخَتْهَا وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ سورة البقرة آية 191، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا بِذَلِكَ هَنَّادٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ إِسْحَاق بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قُلْتُ لِأَحْمَدَ:‏‏‏‏ إِذَا أُسِرَ الْأَسِيرُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏يُقْتَلُ أَوْ يُفَادَى أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ إِنْ قَدَرُوا أَنْ يُفَادُوا فَلَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَمَا أَعْلَمُ بِهِ بَأْسًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ إِسْحَاق:‏‏‏‏ الْإِثْخَانُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْرُوفًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَأَطْمَعُ بِهِ الْكَثِيرَ.

عمران بن حصین رضی الله عنہ سے روایت ہے کہ   نبی اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے مشرکین کے ایک قیدی مرد کے بدلہ میں دو مسلمان مردوں کو چھڑوایا ۱؎۔ امام ترمذی کہتے ہیں: ۱- یہ حدیث حسن صحیح ہے، ۲- ابوقلابہ کا نام عبداللہ بن زید جرمی ہے، ۳- اکثر اہل علم صحابہ اور دوسرے لوگوں کا اسی پر عمل ہے کہ امام کو اختیار ہے کہ قیدیوں میں سے جس پر چاہے احسان کرے اور جسے چاہے قتل کرے، اور جن سے چاہے فدیہ لے، ۴- بعض اہل علم نے فدیہ کے بجائے قتل کو اختیار کیا ہے، ۵- امام اوزاعی کہتے ہیں کہ مجھے یہ خبر پہنچی ہے کہ یہ آیت «فإما منا بعد وإما فداء» منسوخ ہے اور آیت: «واقتلوهم حيث ثقفتموهم» اس کے لیے ناسخ ہے، ۶- اسحاق بن منصور کہتے ہیں کہ میں نے امام احمد بن حنبل سے سوال کیا: آپ کے نزدیک کیا بہتر ہے جب قیدی گرفتار ہو تو اسے قتل کیا جائے یا اس سے فدیہ لیا جائے، انہوں نے جواب دیا، اگر وہ فدیہ لے سکیں تو کوئی حرج نہیں ہے اور اگر انہیں قتل کر دیا جائے تو بھی میں اس میں کوئی حرج نہیں سمجھتا، ۷- اسحاق بن راہویہ کہتے ہیں کہ میرے نزدیک خون بہانا زیادہ بہتر ہے جب یہ مشہور ہو اور اکثر لوگ اس کی خواہش رکھتے ہوں۔

Narrated 'Imran bin Husain: That the Prophet (ﷺ) ransomed two men for the Muslims with a man from the idolaters. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. The paternal uncle of Abu Al-Muhallab's name is 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Amr, and they also say it was Muhawiyah bin 'Amr. And Abu Qilabah's name is 'Abdullah bin Zaid Al-Jarmi (narrator in the chain) This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet(ﷺ) and others. It is for the Imam to decide to be generous with whom he wills among the captives, or to kill whom he wills among them, or to ransom whom he wills among them. Some of the people of knowledge preferred killing over ransoming. Al-Awzai' said: It has been conveyed to me. that this Ayah is abrogated: Thereafter (is the time) either for generosity (to free them without ranson) or ransom (47:4). It was abrogated by: Kill them wherever you find them (2:191). This was narrated to us by Hannad (who said): Ibn Al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Al-Awza'i. Ishaq bin Mansur said: I said to Ahmad: 'When the captives are captured' is killing or ransoming better to you?' He said: 'If they are able to ransom' then there is no harm in it. And if they kill, then I do not know of any harm in it.' Ishaq said: Wiping them out is better to me, unless it is someone well-known, so that it is hoped that a large amount will be obtained for him.

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Hadith 1548

Narrated Abu Al-Bakhtari: An Army from the armies of the Muslims, whose commander was Salman Al-Farisi, besieged one of the Persian castles. They said: 'O Abu 'Abdullah! Should we charge them?' He said: 'Leave me to call them (to Islam) as I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) call them.' So Salman went to them and said: 'I am only a man from among you, a Persian, and you see that the Arabs obey me. If you become Muslims then you will have the likes of what we have, and from you will be required that which is required from us. If you refuse, and keep your religion, then we will leave you to it, and you will give us the Jizyah from your hands while you are submissive.' He said to them in Persian: 'And you are other than praiseworthy and if you refuse then we will equally resist you.' They said: 'We will not give you the Jizyah, we will fight you instead.' So they said: 'O Abu 'Abdullah! Should we charge them?' He said: 'No.' He said: So for three days he called them to the same (things), and then he said: 'Charge them.' He said: So we charged them, and we conquered the castle.

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Hadith 1549

Narrated Ibn 'Asim Al-Muzani: From his father and he was a Companion who said: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) dispatched any army or battalion, he would say to them: 'If you see a Masjid, or hear someone calling the Adhan, then do not kill anyone.'

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Hadith 1550

Narrated Anas: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) set out for Khaibar, he approached it at night and when he came to a people during the night, he would not attack them until morning. So when the morning came, the Jews came out with their shovels and baskets, then when they saw him, they said: 'Muhammad! By Allah Muhammad has come with the Khamis (an army).' So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Allahu Akbar! Khaibar is destroyed, for whenever we approach the land of people - then what an evil morning for those who have been warned.'

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Hadith 1551

Narrated Abu Talhah: When the Prophet (ﷺ) overtook a people he would stay at the outskirts of their city for three nights.

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Hadith 1552

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) burnt the palm trees of Bani Nadir and cut them down at Al-Buwairah. So Allah revealed: Whatever you cut down of their palm trees, or you left them standing on their trunks, then it was by the permission of Allah, and in the order to disgrace the rebellious.(59:5)

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